Traveller’s diarrhoea (TD), also known as "Montezuma's revenge" or "tourista," is a common ailment that affects millions of travellers each year. It's characterized by frequent, loose stools, often accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, and fever, as well as a tender and sore anal area.
The Causes and Risk Factors:
- Bacteria: The most common cause of TD is bacteria, often transmitted through contaminated food or water.
- Risk Factors: People at higher risk include those traveling to developing countries, young adults, individuals with weakened immune systems, and those with pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions.
- Food and Water Safety: Avoid consuming raw or undercooked food, street vendor food, and tap water. Stick to bottled or boiled water for drinking and brushing teeth.
- Thorough Handwashing: Wash your hands frequently with soap and clean water, especially before eating and after using the restroom.
- Food Hygiene: Practice proper food hygiene, such as washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
- Vaccinations: Consider getting vaccinations against diseases like typhoid fever and hepatitis A, which can cause diarrhoea.
- Probiotics: Some studies suggest that probiotics may help prevent TD. Research online or you can consult with your doctor for recommendations of suitable options.
If you develop TD, it's important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
You can take along or purchase some over-the-counter medications like ‘loperamide’ for example can help manage diarrhoea symptoms. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it's essential to seek medical attention. (*Have a look online to find out suitable OTCs for diarrhoea treatments too.)
In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat TD. Xifaxan (rifaximin) is a non-systemic antibiotic approved for treating TD caused by non-invasive strains of Escherichia coli in individuals over 12 years old.
It has been used successfully in many countries and can help shorten the duration of symptoms.
Consulting a Healthcare Provider
You should take out comprehensive travel insurance including medical cover before traveling, and if contracting symptoms, you can consult with a healthcare provider at your travel destination, or visit a travel clinic.
Medical professionals can provide personalized advice, recommend preventive measures, and prescribe medications if necessary. While TD can be an unpleasant experience, it's usually not a serious health concern but it can ruin your trip while taking a few days to recover.
Do your best to follow these prevention tips and seek medical attention when needed, and you can minimize the risk of TD and enjoy a more comfortable and enjoyable trip.